Dr. Amy Nett: Not entirely sure what you mean by “Is there a safe amount of vitamin K to supplement with?”—a safe amount. So there’s not really known toxicity in association with K2. Oh, maybe you’re thinking of K1 and the association with clotting. That might be it.
So K1 and K2 are actually different in terms of their mechanisms of action. So you can resubmit the question if I’m misunderstanding. But K1 can be associated with effects on clotting. K2 we actually use for prevention of cardiovascular disease risk. There’s not really known toxicity to vitamin K2 and some of the studies are actually looking at using doses of vitamin K2 at around 30 to 45 mg. Some maintenance doses of K2 might be more on the order of something like 350 µg are some of the recommendations. I sometimes for just like a maintenance dose for patients, we often just use the Thorne brand liquid K2 drops and I’ll just do like one drop per day for maintenance. For especially women, if I’m worried about osteopenia, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease prevention, I’ll do like 1 mg.
So again check out some of the studies in PubMed. They’re going up to 30 to 45 mg of K2 without adverse effects and seeing some benefit in terms of cardiovascular disease benefit. Sorry, “decrease mortality” is the word I’m looking for and also benefits on bone health, bone strength, and some research I believe also suggesting benefit in terms of preventing neurodegenerative disease. So a lot of interesting research on K2. K2 is safe, I believe, in the setting of Plavix. I think it’s K1 that you would need to be more cautious with. Okay. Let me see here, next question.