Hypothyroidism seems to be associated with many conditions. Is that untreated hypothyroidism if the patient is on a synthetic thyroid hormone? Are the associations still a factor?

Chris Kresser: That’s a good question. My assumption would be that it’s untreated hypothyroidism. And once the patient is treated and their TSH is optimized and their T4 and T3 are optimized, that wouldn’t be necessarily association. However, if you think this through, it may be that part of the basis for the association between hypothyroidism and other conditions is not hypothyroidism itself, although I’m sure that that plays a role, but also Hashimoto’s the immune dysregulation that causes hypothyroidism. And non-immune dysregulation may be in part what is causing the association. And this is why, as we’ll discuss in the hypothyroidism unit, it’s so important to address the immune dysregulation and not just give replacement hormone and call it a day. And this may be one of the reasons for that.