What are your thoughts in using organic acids for differentiating between SIFO, SIBO, or other types of dysbiosis?

Chris: Organics from Genova uses D-arabinitol, and there’s actually some research behind that marker. If you search go to PubMed and type in D-arabinitol, you’ll see it used as a marker of invasive Candidiasis even in conventional settings. Arabinose, which is on the Great Plains Lab, is a different marker, and I have not been able to find any research that really validates it as a marker of fungal overgrowth, and you’ll very often you see it high. Almost every Great Plains test I’ve done on people has it that high, but I’m not confident in it as a marker on its own. I think if you do a SIBO test and the patient is positive for SIBO, at least considering the caveat that we need to consider and that breath testing, which we’re discussing at length. If they also have markers of fungal overgrowth on the stool test and the organics test, and they may have some signs of fungal overgrowth, so they might also have SIFO. If they’re negative for SIBO on the breath test, and you’re relatively confident in that finding, and they’re positive for fungal markers on the stool test or the organics test, then we would treat that more as fungal overgrowth either in the small intestine or their colon or both. It may be both in many cases. I think probably within the next three to five years there’s going to be a test for SIFO, maybe a breath test and maybe a different kind of test.